Development of rural entrepreneurship in india pdf

A short summary of this paper. Rural Entrepreneurship in India: Challenge and Problems. Patel Institute of Business Management G. On the contrary it is also a fact that the majority of rural entrepreneurs is facing many problems due to not availability of primary amenities in rural areas of developing country like India.

Lack of education, financial problems, insufficient technical and conceptual ability it is too difficult for the rural entrepreneurs to establish industries in the rural areas. This paper makes an attempt to find out the Problems and Challenges for the potentiality of Rural Entrepreneurship.

It also focuses on the major problems faced by rural entrepreneurs especially in the fields of Marketing of products, financial amenities and other primary amenities, i. Keywords: Rural Entrepreneurship, challenges, Problems, constraints, rural, amenities. Introduction Concept of Rural Entrepreneurship Defining entrepreneurship is not an easy task.

To some, entrepreneurship means primarily innovation, to others it means risk-taking? To others a market stabilizing force and to others still it means starting, owning and managing a small business. An entrepreneur is a person who either creates new combinations of production factors such as new methods of production, new products, new markets, finds new sources of supply and new organizational forms or as a person who is willing to take risks or a person who by exploiting market opportunities, eliminates disequilibrium between aggregate supply and aggregate demand or as one who owns and operates a business.

What is Rural Entrepreneurship? The problem is essentially lopsided development which is a development of one area at the cost of development of some other place, with concomitant associated problems of underdevelopment. For instance, we have seen unemployment or underemployment in the villages that has led to influx of rural population to the cities. What is needed is to create a situation so that the migration from rural areas to urban areas comes down.

Migration per se is not always undesirable but it should be the minimum as far as employment is concerned. Rather the situation should be such that people should find it worthwhile to shift themselves from towns and cities to rural areas because of realization of better opportunities there. In other words, migration from rural areas should not only get checked but overpopulated towns and cities should also get decongested.

If it is so, ways can always be found out. One is by forcibly stopping villagers from settling in the slums of towns and cities, making use of all powers to clear the slums so the villagers are forced to go back. But such practices have not achieved the desired results in the past.

Moreover, when a slum is demolished people do not move out of urban localities. They only relocate to a nearby place because they are entrenched in the economy of the town or city. Though governments have tried out various schemes for generating incomes in the rural areas such as government initiatives have not stopped people from moving out of villages to cities.

This is because such government initiatives are not on their own capable of enabling people to earn adequately and ameliorate their conditions. There has to be some committed enterprising individual or a group of people. Rural Entrepreneurship in India Who should be capable of making use of the government policies and schemes for the betterment of rural people?

Some individuals who happen to be local leaders and NGOs and who are committed to the cause of the rural people have been catalytic agents for development.

Though their efforts need to be recognized yet much more needs to be done to reverse the direction of movement of people, i. It means not only stopping the outflow of rural people but also attracting them back from the towns and cities where they had migrated.

This is possible when young people consider rural areas as places of opportunities. Despite all the inadequacies in rural areas one should assess their strengths and build on them to make rural areas places of opportunities. This is much to do with the way one sees the reality of the rural areas. The way a survivor or job seeker would see things would certainly be different from those who would like to do something worthwhile and are ready to go through a difficult path to achieve their goals.

It isn't that there is a dearth of people with such a mindset. But with time they change their minds and join the bandwagon of job seekers due to various compilations. Enabling them to think positively, creatively and Entrepreneurship purposefully is most of the development of rural areas.

Young people with such perspective and with the help of rightly channelized efforts would usher in an era of rural entrepreneurship.

Rural Entrepreneurship in changing Environment: The changing global environment raises questions about the ability of traditional, small-scale businesses in rural areas to share the potential benefits offered by the changing environment. The rapid though declining population growth, coupled with even faster urbanization, creates increasing demands. In India, urban populations in general grow about twice as fast as the overall total, and by they may exceed the size of rural populations. Such a major demographic trend challenges the capacities of some traditional small-scale businesses to cope with the increasing demands.

Effect of Globalization on Rural Entrepreneurship Since globalization is a macro-concept and rural entrepreneurship is a micro-concept, occurring in a very limited area, it is very difficult to establish causal linkages, or to quantify the specific effects of globalization on rural entrepreneurship. However, it is possible to identify a range of different channels through which various aspects of globalization can be expected to change the welfare of rural entrepreneurship in India.

Exposure to the global competition can result in high levels of productivity and efficiency. However, it is less crucial for large economies like India. At the level of national policy, these arguments seem to favour globalization. Still, it is very easy to see how the rural entrepreneur could still lose out. This is true in most case duet the lack of affordable facilities in rural areas.

There are many other factors which place rural entrepreneurs at a disadvantage. Most of them, lack access to the technologies and market information that would enable them to comply with quality specifications and effectively respond to emerging opportunities. They rarely have access to credit and the other financial services necessary to compete in the modern world.

Many face high transportation and input costs that further reduce their ability to compete. Additionally, there are some whose cultures place greater value on the maintenance of traditional ways of life, rather than on material success in a competitive world.

Apart from these disadvantages, there is the wider question of whether the economic and institutional infrastructures, and the structure of policies, are favorable for small enterprises to succeeding international competition. In short, globalization presents real dangers to the rural entrepreneur, to set against the possible advantages for the wider economy.

Because the potential benefits include improved access to foreign technology and managerial expertise. There have been varied views concerning the connection between trade openness and rural entrepreneurship growth, and this has given rise to a large body of empirical literature, suggesting a positive relationship between trade openness and rural entrepreneurship growth.

Edwards concludes that greater openness accelerates economic growth, and that large departures from free trade dampen it. The evidence suggests that liberalizing countries outperform those who failed liberalization attempts Michael et al. In contrast, Helleiner suggested that a certain level of national development is necessary before the objective of export-led growth can be realized. Emergence of the WTO and the series of deliberations under the Uruguay round have changed the world economic order.

Indian Government has shelved the earlier protectionist policies and opened up the economy to the world market. Undoubtedly, this has helped the Indian economy to recoup its strength with the flow of international capital and technology resulting in a robust economic position. The economy is moving steadily with more than 6 per cent DGP growth rate for the last two decades or so. However, the new economic order has posed severe challenges to the agricultural and rural sectors of the economy.

Overall, it indicates that openness promotes faster growth. Still, the question remains as to what this might do for the rural enterprises, particularly as little FDI flows into agriculture, least of all small-scale agriculture. The effect of globalization on rural enterprises depends upon the changes in GDP and changes in income distribution.

The evidence suggests that the rural entrepreneur overall are substantially included as beneficiaries from economic growth. However, the extent of inclusion varies internationally. As discussed earlier, free trade and openness results in faster growth.

Growth might be expected to specifically benefit the rural entrepreneur to the extent that the agricultural sector is included in the economic expansion.

In fact, there is little evidence that trade expansion in India has actually taken this form. Many formerly small rural entrepreneurs saw major improvements in their businesses, but the improvements were in a very limited area and to a very limited number of entrepreneurs. The focus today is on the potentials and dangers of biotechnology.

In principle, the benefits here too may be large. The benefits may be from raising productivity, reduced risks of drought and pests, as well as lower food prices. Biotechnology research has been more relevant to the problems of high-income countries. The benefits tend to be specific to particular environments, conditions or markets.

As mall number of multinational corporations is also carrying out much of the research. Many rural women entrepreneurs are hampered from benefiting from the changes arising from globalization. They have less access than men to education and training, less time to devote to productive activities, less command over important resources such as land, credit and capital.

Income developing countries, the sexual division of labor precludes women from income derived from cash crops. In addition, they also have less incentive to respond to economic signals, since they are likely to have less control over any income. It can also refer to an intense level of insecurity.

Many times those who have managed to improve their position are pressed back down again by natural disasters, inflation and other shocks. Some aspects of globalization increase such problems. Globalization is generally associated with the accelerated pace of change in economic life and increased competitive pressures. This requires a speedy adaptation, which may simply be outside the range of those with few modern skills or other assets.

These factors are further compounded by the transformational and insecurity effect due to volatile environment. Greater financial interdependence amongst national economies, resulting from globalization, has the effect of transferring or spreading shocks from one nation to another.

This can be seen from the financial crisis in the last year which affected the world, leading to a global slowdown. The enormous cross-border movements of highly mobile financial capital and the difficulties of regulating this have resulted in the tendency for financial shocks to spreading around the world. Many of these shocks coming from the rest of the world hit the urban sector hardest. Nollywood phenomenon: "The Nollywood phenomenon: Innovation, openness, and technological opportunism in the modeling of successful African entrepreneurship ".

Cambridge University Press. Sulaiman Akbari is Business Development Manager for Deepak has had a lifelong passion for entrepreneurship , technology, culture, and improving society.

He is one of the founding member of Startup Village, India's largest non-for-profit technology Asia Society. The traditional emphasis on eradicating poverty in Africa distracted both the African authorities and international donors from serious consideration of ways to promote prosperity: infrastructure development , technical education, entrepreneurship Rojgar Samachar.

Sonawane received this award for his innovation on the development of novel asparaginase Further information can be found in the University's Policy on additional costs incurred by students on undergraduate and postgraduate taught programmes PDF document University of Manchester.

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The resulting knowledge, access, business possibilities, and even entertainment opportunities could transform the lives of over one billion people in India Harvard Business Review. Can firms and economies utilize global value chains for development? How can they move from low-income The countries examined are China, India , South Korea, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka, with studies of firms operating in varied sectors - aerospace The office is the company's flagship office in Africa.

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